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E.P.A. Library Closures Could Threaten Public Health

By Leslie Burger, AlterNet
Posted on December 14, 2006, Printed on December 14, 2006

http://www.alternet.org/story/45494/

This piece originally ran in the New York Times.

If you
needed to find out how much pollution an industrial plant in your
neighborhood was spewing, or what toxic chemicals were in a local
river, where would you go? Until recently, you could discover the
answer at one of the Environmental Protection Agency’s 29 libraries.
But now the E.P.A. has obstructed the American public — as well as its
own scientists and staff — by starting to dismantle its crown jewel,
the national system of regional E.P.A. libraries.

Until now, any
citizen could consult these resources, which include information on
things like siting incinerators, storing toxic waste and uncovering
links between asthma and car exhaust. E.P.A. staff members and other
scientists have counted on the libraries to support their work. First
responders and other state and local government officials have used
E.P.A. information to protect communities. In the age of terrorism,
when the safety of our food and water supply, the uninterrupted flow of
energy and, indeed, so much about our environment has become a matter
of national security, it seems particularly dangerous to take steps
that would hinder our emergency preparedness.

Although lawmakers
haven’t yet agreed to President Bush’s proposed 2007 budget, which
includes $2 million in cuts to the agency’s library system, the head of
the E.P.A. has already instituted cuts. The agency’s main library in
Washington has been closed to the public, and regional E.P.A. libraries
in Chicago, Dallas and Kansas City, Mo., have been closed altogether.
At the Boston, New York, San Francisco and Seattle branches, hours and
public access have been reduced.

Anyone who needs to understand
the environmental impact of, say, living downwind or downstream from a
new nuclear power plant, or the long-term public health impact of
Hurricane Katrina, cannot afford to find the doors barred to
potentially lifesaving information. But neither can the rest of us,
whose daily lives and choices will be affected by global warming. We
all have a right to be able to get access to information about our air,
water and soil.

"Libraries and their professionals are integral
to the work of E.P.A. toxicologists," says an agency toxicologist,
Suzanne Wuerthele. "Without access to their expertise and extensive
collections, it will be difficult to explain to the public, to state
agencies, industry and to the courts how and why E.P.A. is protecting
the environment over time."

Some members of Congress have begun
to bring these cuts to light. The Senate minority whip, Richard Durbin,
urged the president to reopen the libraries and rethink his budget
request. Eighteen senators sent a letter to the Senate Appropriations
Committee asking it to make the E.P.A. keep the libraries open.
Representatives John Dingell, Bart Gordon and Henry Waxman recently had
the Government Accountability Office start an inquiry into the closings
and requested that the E.P.A. administrator, Stephen Johnson, cease the
destruction of library materials immediately.

The E.P.A. cannot
hide behind the fig leaf of fiscal responsibility. While the agency
says the closings are all part of a commitment to modernize and
digitize, we are not assured that its public plan is adequate or its
skills sufficient. Users within the E.P.A. and the American public need
information specialists, like librarians, to manage paper collections
and to help them get access to digital material and organize online
information.

Fortunately, there’s still time to reverse this
dangerous threat to a healthy future. The administration could
immediately reopen the closed libraries. Congress could conduct
oversight hearings to reverse these decisions and prevent any more
E.P.A. libraries — all of them containing invaluable information about
our environment, all of them paid for by our tax dollars — from
closing. The American public deserves no less.

Leslie Burger is President of the American Library Association.

Don’t forget to check out this article from Mark Clayton or this one by Kelpie Wilson on the same subject.  They’re all well worth reading.

Closure of 6 federal libraries angers
scientists

Cost-cutting moves at the EPA and elsewhere deny researchers and
the public access to vital data, critics say.

By Tim Reiterman
Times Staff Writer

December 8, 2006
The NASA library in
Greenbelt, Md., was part of John C. Mather’s daily routine for years leading up
to the astrophysicist’s sharing of the 2006 Nobel Prize for shedding new light
on the big bang theory of creation. He researched existing space hardware and
instrumentation there while designing a satellite that collected data for his
prize-winning discovery.

So when he learned that
federal officials were planning to close the library, Mather was stunned.

"It is completely
absurd," he said. "The library is a national treasure. It is probably
the single strongest library for space science and engineering in the
universe."

Mather is one of thousands of people who critics say could lose access to
research materials as the government closes and downsizes libraries that house
collections vital to scientific investigation and the enforcement of
environmental laws.

Across the country, half a dozen federal libraries are closed or closing.
Others have reduced staffing, hours of operation, public access or
subscriptions.

In Washington, books are boxed at an Environmental Protection
Agency library that helped toxicologists assess health effects of pesticides
and chemicals. The General Services Administration headquarters library where
patrons conducted research on real estate, telecommunications and government
finance was shuttered this year, as was the Department of Energy headquarters
library that collected literature for government scientists and contractors.

 
Officials say the cutbacks
have been driven by tight budgets, declining patronage and rising demand for
online services. And they say leaner operations will improve efficiency while
maintaining essential functions. "We are trying to improve access and … do
more with a little less money," said Linda Travers, acting assistant administrator
for the EPA’s office of environmental information.

Although hundreds of federal libraries remain open, critics say the downsizing,
especially at the EPA, demonstrates the Bush administration’s indifference to
transparent government and to scientific solutions to many pressing problems.

"Crucial information generated with taxpayer dollars is now not available
to the public and the scientists who need it," said Emily Sheketoff, head
of the American Library Assn.’s Washington office. "This is the beginning of the
elimination of all these government libraries. I think you have an
administration that does not have a commitment to access to information."

Opponents of the EPA’s reductions say they are likely to slow the work of
regulators and scientists who depend on librarians and reference materials that
are not online.

They fear that some publications will never be digitized because of copyright
restrictions or cost. They worry that important material will be dispersed,
discarded or lost. And they contend that many people will lose access to
collections because they cannot navigate online services.

In addition to shutting its headquarters library and a chemical library in the
nation’s capital, the EPA has closed regional libraries in Chicago, Kansas City and Dallas that have helped federal investigators track sources of fish kills and
identify companies responsible for pollution.

The plans prompted the EPA’s own compliance office to express concern that cuts
could weaken efforts to enforce environmental laws. EPA employee unions decried
the severity of a proposed $2.5-million cut in a library budget that was $7
million last fiscal year. And, at the request of three House committees, the
Government Accountability Office now is examining the reductions.

"Congress should not allow EPA to gut its library system, which plays a
critical role in supporting the agency’s mission to protect the environment and
public health," 18 U.S. senators, nearly all Democrats, said last month in
a letter seeking restoration of library services until the issue can be
reviewed.

The
EPA said the president’s proposed budget had accelerated efforts to modernize
the system, and they said that library visits were declining.

"I think we are living in a world of digitized information," said
Travers of the EPA. "In the end there will be better access."

Travers said all EPA-generated documents from the closed libraries would be
online by January and the rest of the agency’s 51,000 reports would be
digitized within two years. The EPA, she said, would not digitize books,
scientific journals and non-EPA studies but would keep one copy of each
available for inter-library loans.

The Library of Congress has digitized more than 11 million items in its
collection of 132 million, and it retains the originals. But Deanna Marcum,
associate librarian for library services there, said maintaining library space
with staff provides important benefits, especially at specialized libraries.

"The librarians are so accustomed to doing searches and know the sources
so well, and it would be difficult for scientists to have the same level of
comfort," she said. "So, will they take the information they get and
use it rather than being exhaustive in their searches?"

An EPA study in 2004 concluded that the libraries saved millions of dollars a
year by performing time-consuming research for agency staff members. The
general public also uses EPA’s libraries.

When a sanitary district proposed a sludge incinerator along Lake Michigan in Waukegan, Ill., a few years ago, activist Verena Owen went to the EPA
library in Chicago, and with help from a librarian researched how much
mercury comes from incinerators and its toxicity. Owen said her findings helped
a successful campaign to relocate the plant.

 

When she recently heard the library had gone dark, Owen was outraged: "If
I had known about it, I would have chained myself to the bookcase."
 

The EPA’s chemical library in

Washington assisted scientists who developed drinking water standards
and studied the effects of pesticides. "It allowed scientists to check on
what they were being told by companies registering new chemicals," said
Linda Miller Poore, a longtime contract librarian there.
 

In May, after learning the library would close, Poore took a job at NASA’s Goddard
Space Flight Center library in

Greenbelt,

Md., a facility that supports space exploration and global warming
research.
 

But Poore said she was notified recently that the Goddard library would be
closed Jan. 1, leaving its collection available only online. She said she was
fired Nov. 17 after telling patrons about the plans. The company that employed
her declined to comment.
 

Mather, the Nobel-winning astrophysicist, said the library’s paper collection
is indispensable. "If we ended up moving into an age where paper did not
exist, we would need the equivalent to reach all the texts and handbooks, and
until the great library is digitized, I think we need the paper," he said.
 

In the wake of complaints from scientists and engineers, the center’s operations
director, Tom Paprocki, said the library was being funded through March and
that officials were exploring whether to preserve part of it.
 

The discovery of discarded scientific journals last year in a dumpster at
NASA’s

Ames Research Center in

Silicon
Valley prompted a union
grievance.
 

Plans to slash library space later were scaled back, said union president and
scientist Paul K. Davis. "If not for our efforts, about three-quarters of
the library materials would have been gone," he said.
 

At the Energy Department’s headquarters, people researched radiation exposure
of family members who worked with atomic energy or weaponry. And the library
staff helped DOE employees and contractors.
 

This summer the library closed, except the law section, and became an online
service. "By taking our headquarters library and making it virtual, more
people can access it than just being in

Washington," said Energy Department spokeswoman Megan Barnett,
adding that the department’s labs often have their own libraries.

---

tim.reiterman@latimes.com

There’s a great deal to be thankful for this year. Too much to write about here, really.  So let’s talk about copyright instead:

NEW YORK – Cell phone owners can now break locks to use their handsets
with competing carriers, while film professors have the right to copy
snippets from DVDs for educational compilations, the U.S. Copyright
Office said Wednesday.

Other rights declared in the government’s triennial review of the 1998

Digital Millennium Copyright Act
seek to improve access for the blind and to obsolete works and let
security researchers try to break copy-protection technologies embedded
in CDs

All told, Librarian of Congress James H. Billington approved six
exemptions, the most his Copyright Office has ever granted. For the
first time, the office gave an exemption to a group of users.
Previously, Billington took an all-or-nothing approach, making them
difficult to justify.

"I am very encouraged by the fact that the Copyright Office is
willing to recognize exemptions for archivists, cell phone recyclers
and computer security experts," said Fred von Lohmann, an attorney with
the civil-liberties group Electronic Frontier Foundation. "Frankly, I’m
surprised and pleased they were granted."

But he said he was disappointed the Copyright Office rejected a
number of exemptions that could have benefited consumers, including one
that would let owners of DVDs legally copy movies for use on Apple
Computer Inc.’s iPod and other music players.

I, too, am glad to hear of the exemptions the government is willing to make, but am unclear on what it actually means. Time will tell . . .

Happy turkey!

Disclaimer: I am posting this more to hear back from other folks who can point me
to actual library journal articles on this subject than to suggest that
we’re screwed, although I suppose I can do both. That said . . .

I admit it: I’ve jumped on the peak oil bandwagon. Which is probably not a great decision for my psyche, concidering that I’ve been fighting a running gunbattle with depression since my early 20’s, and this is a class A-1 depressing subject, but more on that in a moment.  Part of my interest is the fact that I happen to be a sucker for a good disaster story, and the more popular thinkers on the topic seem to live up to their subject matter in a way that’s just plain fun. (If you’re not sure what I mean by that, read this article by Aaron Naparstek called "Peak Freaks" to get a better idea.) The end of the world is a compelling tale and we as a species seem to like stories about the end of the world. We just like them better when they’re abstractions.  Nobody local enjoyed evacuating New Orleans last year, for example, or worse, having to stay for whatever reason.  On the other hand, the Katrina saga did wonders for ratings for all manner of mass media outlets.

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